Introduction AMH, is a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF-β) produced by granulosa cells with the highest expression being in small antral follicles. Our objective is to evaluate the predictive value of follicular AMH levels as an indicator of IVF outcomes in PCOS patients.Material and methodsA total of 63 patients undergoing the IVF trail were recruited for this prospective case-control study. The patients were classified into three groups: Group I: 43 patients with Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Group II: 20 normo-ovulatory patients were recruited for the IVF trail because of the male infertility factor (control group). Group III: consists of 33 patients from group I recruited to determine the effect of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) on serum AMH levels. Serum AMH levels were performed on day 3 of the menstrual cycle whereas the follicular fluid AMH level has been evaluated at the time of oocyte retrieval by enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay (AMH Gen II ELISA kit, Beckman Coulter, Inc. USA). AMH concentrations were adjusted to its protein content, to avoid possible bias due to FF volume variability. The relationship between follicular fluid AMH (FF AMH) levels and the number of oocytes retrieved, number of mature oocytes, number of embryos, fertilization and clinical pregnancy rate were assessed. The demographic data were similar between two groups as regards age and BMI.ResultsBoth serum AMH levels and FF AMH levels were significantly higher in PCOS patients than in the controls, the values for serum levels were (5.07 ± 3.39 ng/ml, 3.07 ± 2.09 ng/ml) respectively and for follicular fluid levels were (67 ± 50.7 ng/g∗, 38.5 ± 44.4 ng/g) respectively. Serum AMH levels showed a positive correlation with oocytes retrieved and mature oocyte number, but there was no significant correlation with good quality embryo number, fertilization rate or clinical pregnancy rate in PCOS patients. On the other hand FF AMH levels do not show correlation with any of the IVF outcomes mentioned above in PCOS patients. Interestingly, the interval change in serum AMH levels between baseline AMH levels and levels after COH had a significant predictive value of pregnancy.Conclusions Serum AMH levels can predict the number of the retrieved oocytes and mature oocytes, whereas FF AMH may not be a valuable predictor for IVF outcomes in PCOS patients.